International multidisciplinary research encourages the uptake of sustainable bioenergy practices in Kenya, India, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Biofuels are renewable fuels derived from plant or animal material. Increasing their use as an alternative to fossil fuels is important globally for people’s access to energy and livelihoods. However, many people still cook using traditional fuel and stoves. Without improved stoves or fuel, it is estimated that, by 2030, over 30 million people will have died due to smoke-related diseases.
Imposition of illegal taxes on charcoal is also cause for concern in moving towards more sustainable energy use, and it is important that biofuel production does not threaten food production.
This research found out how biofuels are currently used in Africa. Dr Thomas Molony’s fieldwork in Tanzania showed that many people who could use biofuels are not aware that the technology exists. He also identified problems in the supply chain. A shortage of technicians and lack of investment mean that biogas is not used as frequently as it could be.
Molony researched widespread illegal taxation in charcoal production and marketing in Kenya. He also explored gender issues for bioenergy use in Kenya and Tanzania. In such countries, it is usually women who carry the burden of poverty and are responsible for collection of material for biofuel, as well as cooking and other household tasks. As African countries update their bioenergy policies, there is a chance for more equal social roles and opportunities between men and women to be developed as part of wider reforms of the sector.